Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Education: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Authors

  • Manali Sarkar Intern, MGM Medical College Navi, Mumbai, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-2907
  • Mihnea-Alexandru Găman MD, PhD(c), Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania & Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania. Scientific Editor, IJMS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-8875
  • Juan C. Puyana MD, FACS, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Professor of Surgery, Critical Care Medicine, and Clinical Translational Science, Director for Global Health-Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. O'Brien Professor of Global Surgery for Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI). Editorial Board Member, IJMS https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-4693
  • Francisco J. Bonilla-Escobar MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Ophtalmology; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Fundación Somos Ciencia al Servicio de la Comunidad, Fundación SCISCO/Science to Serve the Community Foundation, SCISCO Foundation, Cali Colombia. Grupo de investigación en Visión y Salud Ocular, VISOC, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Editor in Chief, IJMS. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-3482

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2024.2626

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Medical Education, Training Support, Machine Learning, Algorithms, Research Design, Data Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Ethics, Medical, Bias (Epidemiology), Personalized Medicine, Academic Integrity, Curriculum, Learning, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Diagnostic Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Patient Safety, Data Privacy, Technology Assessment, Biomedical

Abstract

AI's rise in medicine promises personalized care, better diagnoses, and innovative training. It analyzes images, predicts diseases, and tailors treatments. However, ethical concerns loom. Biased data can lead to unfair diagnoses, and some AI systems lack transparency, raising trust issues. The editorial proposes solutions: ethical frameworks, transparent AI, and legal regulations. It envisions a future where AI complements doctors, requiring collaboration across fields. To prepare future physicians, medical schools need to integrate AI and ethics into their curriculum. AI holds immense potential, but challenges must be addressed. Through collaboration and responsible development, AI can revolutionize medicine alongside human expertise.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Amisha, Malik P, Pathania M, Rathaur VK. Overview of artificial intelligence in medicine. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(7):2328-2331.

Bekbolatova M, Mayer J, Ong CW, Toma M. Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel). 2024;12(2):125.

Warren A. Can AI really pass the Turing test? WildefirePR. 2023 Jan 3. Accessed from: https://www.wildfirepr.com/blog/can-ai-really-pass-the-turing-test/#:~:text=Not%20long%20ago%2C%20Google%20demonstrated,20th%2Dcentury%20mathematician%20Alan%20Turing.

Study finds ChatGPT’s latest bot behaves like humans, only better. Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. 2024 Feb 22. Accessed from: https://humsci.stanford.edu/feature/study-finds-chatgpts-latest-bot-behaves-humans-only-better#:~:text=In%20the%20study%2C%20ChatGPT's%20version,have%20won%20itself%20many%20friends.

Wong DJ, Gandomkar Z, Wu WJ, Zhang G, Gao W, He X, Wang Y, Reed W. Artificial intelligence and convolution neural networks assessing mammographic images: a narrative literature review. J Med Radiat Sci. 2020;67(2):134-142.

Mir MM, Mir GM, Raina NT, Mir SM, Mir SM, Miskeen E, Alharthi MH, Alamri MMS. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2023;11(3):133-140.

Kiester L, Turp C. Artificial intelligence behind the scenes: PubMed's Best Match algorithm. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022;110(1):15-22.

Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of bioethics. 7th ed. Oxford University Press; 2013.

Misselhorn C. Artificial Moral Agents: Conceptual Issues and Ethical Controversy. In p. 31–49.

Susser D, Roessler B, and Nissenbaum H. Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World. Georgetown L. Techn. Rev. 2019; 4(1):1–45.

Omiye JA, Lester JC, Spichak S, Rotemberg V, Daneshjou R. Large language models propagate race-based medicine. NPJ Digit Med. 2023;6(1):195.

Norori N, Hu Q, Aellen FM, Faraci FD, Tzovara A. Addressing bias in big data and AI for health care: A call for open science. Patterns (N Y). 2021;2(10):100347.

Farhud DD, Zokaei S. Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(11):i-v.

Philibert RA, Terry N, Erwin C, Philibert WJ, Beach SR, Brody GH. Methylation array data can simultaneously identify individuals and convey protected health information: An unrecognized ethical concern. Clin Epigenetics. 2014;6:28.

Gerke S, Minssen T, Cohen G. Ethical and legal challenges of artificial intelligence-driven healthcare. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. 2020:295-336.

Ahmad SF, Han H, Alam MM, Rehmat MK, Irshad M, Arraño-Muñoz M, et al. Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2023;10(1):311.

Damiani G, Altamura G, Zedda M, Nurchis MC, Aulino G, Heidar Alizadeh A, Cazzato F, Della Morte G, Caputo M, Grassi S, Oliva A; D.3.2 group. Potentiality of algorithms and artificial intelligence adoption to improve medication management in primary care: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2023;13(3):e065301.

Asan O, Bayrak AE, Choudhury A. Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in Healthcare: Focus on Clinicians. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e15154.

Vasireddy A. Deepfake Dangers: Unmasking the Impact of AI-Generated Image Manipulation on Girls and Society. Medium. 2023 Sep 27. https://medium.com/@anivasireddy/deepfake-dangers-unmasking-the-impact-of-ai-generated-image-manipulation-on-girls-and-society-bc6b10d58d1c

Civaner MM, Uncu Y, Bulut F, Chalil EG, Tatli A. Artificial intelligence in medical education: a cross-sectional needs assessment. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22(1):772.

Asan O, Bayrak AE, Choudhury A. Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in Healthcare: Focus on Clinicians. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e15154.

Quinn TP, Coghlan S. Readying medical students for medical AI: The need to embed AI ethics education. arXiv preprint

Li, Q., Qin, Y. AI in medical education: medical student perception, curriculum recommendations and design suggestions. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):852.

Faihs L, Neumann-Opitz C, Kainberger F, Druml C. Ethics teaching in medical school: the perception of medical students. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2024;136(5-6):129–136.

AlMahmoud T, Hashim MJ, Elzubeir MA, Branicki F. Ethics teaching in a medical education environment: preferences for diversity of learning and assessment methods. Med Educ Online. 2017;22(1):1328257.

UNESCO bioethics chair. Training courses. Accessed from: https://www.unescobiochair.org/training-courses/

Lee JY. Can an artificial intelligence chatbot be the author of a scholarly article? J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:6.

Kacena MA, Plotkin LI, Fehrenbacher JC. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Review Articles. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2024;22(1):115-121.

Habibzadeh F. GPTZero Performance in Identifying Artificial Intelligence-Generated Medical Texts: A Preliminary Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2023;38(38):e319.

Bellini V, Semeraro F, Montomoli J, Cascella M, Bignami E. Between human and AI: assessing the reliability of AI text detection tools. Curr Med Res Opin. 2024;40(3):353-358.

Mohamed KO, Ahmed AA, Zaki EA, Soumit SM, Allam WA, Mohamed AM. Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Associated Risk Factors Among Medical Students in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study at Omdurman Islamic University. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):14-21.

Gul N, Ali A, Rizwanullah, Khayam, Khan MS, Gul F, et al. Prioritizing Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Depression Prevalence and Risk Factors among Medical Students in Peshawar, Pakistan. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):22-28.

Ozdemir E, Yazarkan Y, Pehlivanoglu B. Medical Students’ Stress Levels Are Correlated with Their Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):53-59.

Brown LC, Aziz I. Prevalence and Burden of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction Among UK Medical Students. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):43-52.

Ganguli S, Chen SW, Maghami S, Corpodean F, Lin PP, Haywood YC, et al. Residency Program Website Content May Not Meet Applicant Needs. Int J Med Stud. 2024;10(1):60-68.

Evensen-Martinez M, Santiago M, Martinez R, Beck D, Trawick A, Zapata I, et al. The Influence of Pre-Trip Medical Spanish Education on a US-Based, Medical Student Service Trip: A Cohort Study. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):35-42.

LeBron KA, Bielawski A, Popiel P, Shams S, Grimes CL. Antibiotic Appropriateness on Mondays vs. Fridays: Empiric Treatment of Simple Cystitis in the Emergency Department. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):29-34.

Dailey AR. A Review of Psychosocial Factors on Birth Outcomes in Women with Substance Use Disorder in the United States: The Importance of Preventing Relapse During Sustained Remission. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):69-82.

Rafiq HS, Blair E. Medical Students’ Study Habits Through a Sociocultural Lens: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):83-91.

Saldaña-Ruiz MA, Ortiz-Alonso F, Sandoval-González AC, Tapia-Brito LS, Lozano-Galván LC, Ramírez-Pintor KM. Fulminant Hepatic Failure as the Initial Presentation of Hodgkin's Disease and Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):92-95.

González-Zuelgaray J, Frangi PI, Longo DA, Tosoni LB, Baranchuk A. Severe Hyperkalemia: Electrocardiographic Tips for Early Recognition Based on a Case Report. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):96-99.

Iba C, Namba M, Kaneda Y, Ando T. Public Health Outreach in Impoverished Areas of Cambodia: Addressing the Issues Related to Prescription Practices. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):100-102.

Namba M, Shinohara M, Sela S, Khouch K, Kaneda Y, Haruyama R. Grassroots HPV Vaccine Education in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: A Personal Reflection. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):103-105.

Akpegah GK. From Theory to Practice: Reflections of a Medical Student's Rural Posting in a Leprosy Hospital. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):106-108.

Dubbaka S, Lentz T. The Importance of Understanding Social Determinants of Health as Medical Students: My Experience with the Cincinnati Homeless Coalition. Int J Med Stud. 2024 Jan-Mar;12(1):109-111.

McGee M. Becoming a Physician: A 40-year Retrospective on Medical Socialization. Int J Med Stud. 2024;12(1):112-119.

This image serves as a digital illustration for the editorial titled 'Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Education: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.' It features a futuristic scene where a robotic arm conducts a surgical procedure on a human patient, symbolizing the precision of AI in medical applications. Surrounding the operating table, medical professionals and students utilize virtual reality headsets and holographic displays for learning and simulation, highlighting AI's role in medical education. The background incorporates elements of binary code and neural network patterns, representing the technological foundation of AI. The color scheme of blues and whites suggests innovation, cleanliness, and trust in the intersection of AI with healthcare.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-12

How to Cite

Sarkar, M., Găman, M.-A., Puyana, J. C., & Bonilla-Escobar, F. J. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Medical Education: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. International Journal of Medical Students, 12(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2024.2626

Issue

Section

Editorial

Categories

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>