Prevalence and prognostic significance of sodium levels in adults with traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis

Authors

  • NagaVenkata Priya Sri Harshitha Somarouthu Apollo institute of medical sciences and research

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2025.3997

Keywords:

Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adult

Abstract

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sodium disturbances occur commonly after traumatic brain injury and causes many complications. This study is aimed at determining prevalence and prognosis of sodium levels in adult with traumatic brain injury.

 

Methods: A meta-analysis was performed following PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted at PubMed and Google Scholar from 2009 to 2025 for studies reporting sodium disturbances in adults with traumatic brain injury. Risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

 

Results: A total of 8 studies with 94,874 patients were involved. Data was analyzed using R software (version 4.5.1). The studies suggest that hypernatremia was associated with increased risk of mortality (OR 2.9 [95% CI 1.939-4.332] p-value <0.0001, I^2 = 85.05%) and worsened outcomes. Limited data on hyponatremia is not sufficient to make pooled analysis but few studies suggests that it is associated with increased severity and worsened outcomes.

 

Conclusion: Hypernatremia is associated with increased risk of mortality and poorer outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating sodium monitoring into standardized management protocols.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Somarouthu, N. P. S. H. (2025). Prevalence and prognostic significance of sodium levels in adults with traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis . International Journal of Medical Students, 13, S249. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2025.3997

Issue

Vol 13. (2025): Supplement 1

Section

Abstracts of the WCMSR

Categories

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