Prevalence of Intestinal Coccidia: First Description of Cyclosporidiosis Associated with Diarrhea in Children in Colombia

Authors

  • Maria Camila Cortes Montoya Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-2541
  • Humberto Alejandro Nati Castillo Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-4983
  • Jessica Triviño MD. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-2312
  • Ana Sofia Orozco Cano Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-009X
  • Simon Gonzalez Naranjo Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-4842
  • Juan Felipe Caicedo Olaya Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-5865
  • Juan Francisco Amaya Amezquita Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-9202
  • Karen Sofía Ayala Girón Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-7309
  • Laura Losada Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-3912
  • Davidshon Steven Montes Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-7342
  • Yimmi Pinto Valencia Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-091X
  • Marcela Fama Pereira Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-3118
  • Nancy Yhomara Cabeza Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-7023
  • Fabiana Lora Suarez Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-3044
  • Jorge Enrique Gómez Marín Third-year Medical Student. University of Quindio, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. GEPAMOL research group, Biomedical Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Quindío. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-3329

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1794

Keywords:

Diarrhea, Colombia, Cryptosporidiosis, Cyclosporidiosis, Pediatrics

Abstract

Background: In Colombia, the studies about the etiology of acute diarrhea disease (ADD) in children by using standard stool culture techniques methods and DNA detection tools for intestinal virus show that viral origin was the most frequent, however still between 16 to 45% of the cases of unknown etiology. Specific staining techniques or high sensitivity molecular methods for the intestinal coccidia Cryptosporidium sp and Cyclospora sp have been not applied in the Colombian studies, for this reason, the current situation of these intestinal coccidia in Colombia as cause of diarrhea is unknown. 

Objective: To estimate the frequency of Cryptosporidium sp. and Cyclospora sp. and to analyze the association between infection and clinical manifestations on children with acute diarrhea consulting the pediatrics emergency service of a third level Hospital.

Methods:  An observational descriptive study was performed in 150 children that consulted the emergency service at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in Armenia, Colombia, in the period between April 1st and May 31st of 2022. We applied questionnaires and collected primary data from clinical records of children, as well as stool samples of each child after receiving informed consent from the parents and/or legal guardian of the minors. To identify the pathogenic intestinal coccidia (Cryptosporidium sp. and Cyclospora sp.), we used stool fresh preparations with 1% iodine and stained by a modified Ziehl Nielsen coloration protocol (Kinyoun stain). Samples were examined by expert microbiologists on a light microscope with a 40x objective. Prevalence and odds ratios were estimated. For statistical analysis differences in proportions among groups were compared via the X2 test and Fisher exact test. For non-parametric data, differences of means between two groups were analyzed through a Kruskall-Wallis test. Differences of medians were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric variables; statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05. Statistical calculations were made by using software factors in Epi Info 7.2 Epi-Info version 3.5.1 (CDC, Atlanta). 

Results: The prevalence of infection in the children that went to the urgency service was of 19,7% by Cryptosporidium sp. and 10,9% by Cyclospora sp. The 59,2% of children with cryptosporidiosis and 66,6% of children with cyclosporidiosis were hospitalized. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of parasite in stools and fever in cyclosporidiosis (93,3% of children with cyclosporidiosis vs. 56% by other causes, OR 10,7 IC95% 1,3-84; p= 0,004). 

Conclusions: The study results indicate the need to use specific diagnostic techniques to identify Cryptosporidium sp and Cyclospora sp in children with diarrhea, because they are frequent and are treatable with specific antiparasitic medication. We recommend that its search should be done systematically.

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Published

2022-12-31 — Updated on 2023-03-03

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How to Cite

Cortes Montoya, M. C., Nati Castillo, H. A., Triviño, J., Orozco Cano, A. S., Gonzalez Naranjo, S., Caicedo Olaya, J. F., Amaya Amezquita, J. F., Ayala Girón, K. S., Losada, L., Montes, D., Pinto Valencia, Y., Fama, M., Cabeza, N., Lora, F., & Gomez, J. (2023). Prevalence of Intestinal Coccidia: First Description of Cyclosporidiosis Associated with Diarrhea in Children in Colombia. International Journal of Medical Students, 10, S215. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1794 (Original work published December 31, 2022)

Issue

Vol 10 (2022): Supplement 1

Section

Abstracts of the WCMSR

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Copyright (c) 2022 Maria Camila Cortes Montoya, Humberto Alejandro Nati Castillo, Jessica Triviño, Ana Sofia Orozco Cano, Simon Gonzalez Naranjo, Juan Felipe Caicedo Olaya, Juan Francisco Amaya Amezquita, Karen Sofía Ayala Girón, Laura Losada, Davidshon Steven Montes, Yimmi Pinto Valencia, Marcela Fama Pereira, Nancy Yhomara Cabeza, Fabiana Lora Suarez, Jorge Enrique Gómez Marín

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